A sunken slab or sunk slab is provided below the normal floor level in bathrooms, toilets, and laundry areas, where pipes or drainage systems are laid. It is constructed with the purpose of concealing all the pipes below the floor level to maintain the aesthetic appeal of the space. The slab is usually placed at a depth of around 30 cm below conventional floor level to accommodate pipes and utility ducts. The space between the normal floor level and sunken slab is filled with sand, coal, broken pieces of bricks, or other lightweight materials to protect the pipes and reduce maintenance. Special care should be taken while constructing sunken slabs, as the places where they are installed are prone to dampness and water leakages. In this case, the toilet slab is constructed at the level of other slabs, but the floor is raised to hide the drainage system. The advantages of a raised toilet floor include canceling pipes and minimizing noises, generated due to toilet usage, without the need for particular plumbing. However, raised floor decreases toilet headroom and is inconvenient for elderly occupants.
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